Solidly promote the cycle of planting and breeding to promote the green transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry

In recent years, China has attached great importance to the promotion of the cycle of planting and breeding, and has successively issued a series of policy documents such as the "Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the General Office of the Ministry of Finance on Carrying out the Pilot Work of Green Planting and Breeding Cycle Agriculture", the "Construction Plan for the Demonstration Project of Planting and Breeding Combined Cycle Agriculture (2017-2020)", and the "14th Five Year Plan" National Livestock and Poultry Manure Utilization and Planting and Breeding Combined Construction Plan ", which provide strong support for the green transformation of animal husbandry. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening the Reform and Promoting Chinese path to modernization clearly puts forward "improving the green and Low-Carbon development mechanism, developing green and low-carbon industries, promoting the construction of a green and low-carbon circular development economic system; optimizing the government's green procurement policy, improving the total resource management and overall conservation system, and improving the waste recycling system", pointing out the strategic direction for the planting and breeding cycle.

Driven by strong policies, China's livestock industry is accelerating its transformation towards green, low-carbon, and circular directions.
By the end of 2023, the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure in China will exceed 78%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of straw will exceed 88%, indicating the initial effectiveness of the new pattern of crop breeding cycle. However, in response to the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the High quality Development of Animal Husbandry", which proposes the goal of "achieving a comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure of over 85% by 2030", coupled with challenges such as high feed costs, rising labor costs, and intensified market fluctuations, especially for small and medium-sized breeding farms (households), they generally face the reality of insufficient modern facilities and are trapped in the dilemma of "low input, low output". To solve the dilemma, it is urgent to solidly promote the cycle of planting and breeding, and promote the green transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry.
Precise measures are taken to solve the transformation problems of small and medium-sized breeding farms (households).

The key to improving the efficiency of the breeding cycle lies in solving the pain points and bottlenecks of small and medium-sized breeding farms (households), and it is necessary to build a full chain support system of "policy guidance, technological innovation, capacity building, and factor guarantee". Firstly, it is necessary to strengthen the composite support mechanism, integrate financial special subsidies, green financial products, and industry university research technology service platform resources, and explore the implementation of combination support policies such as "rewards instead of subsidies+low interest loans+targeted docking" for small and medium-sized breeding farms (households). Secondly, we need to promote technological adaptation and equipment upgrading, increase investment, support enterprises and research institutions to develop, integrate, and promote economically applicable manure resource utilization technology models and environmentally reliable treatment equipment suitable for small and medium-sized breeding farms (households), and deeply integrate the standardization demonstration of livestock and poultry breeding with the improvement of technical equipment. Finally, we need to improve the level of facility application, vigorously promote the popularization and application of modern facilities and equipment in small and medium-sized breeding farms (households), and effectively fill the gaps in facilities.
Optimize the compensation mechanism, stimulate endogenous motivation, and promote the upgrading of the crop breeding cycle compensation policy towards precision, dynamism, and systematization.
On the one hand, it is necessary to implement differentiated compensation standards. For breeding farms (households) that continue the traditional self planting and self raising cycle model, based on cost considerations, it is advisable to adopt a "compensation per farm (household)" mechanism, focusing on infrastructure maintenance, traditional technology upgrades, and management costs, in order to maintain system operation with the lowest compensation. For the model of realizing market-oriented breeding cycle through cross subject cooperation, based on the quantitative considerations of scale benefits and positive externalities, compensation should be implemented for breeding subjects according to the animal species. The compensation standards should be dynamically linked to the market value of resource-based products, environmental benefit coefficients, and the level of economies of scale, balancing the cost-benefit of breeding farms (households). On the other hand, we need to change the compensation method. At the current stage, we can provide physical compensation such as subsidies for heavy enclosure renovation and subsidies for manure cleaning; In the long run, we should gradually shift towards technological (intellectual) compensation methods to enhance the production capacity and sustainable development capability of breeding farms (households).

Firstly, we need to strengthen the Organic Fertilizer industry by increasing support for organic fertilizer production enterprises, especially those in areas with weak production capacity, based on existing policies. We will attract social capital through project support, tax incentives, and other means to support their transformation and upgrading of facilities and equipment for collecting, treating, processing, and returning manure to the fields. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen policy coordination, coordinate policies such as livestock manure treatment, organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizers, and improvement of farmland quality, and focus on promoting the application of organic fertilizers in field crops to activate the internal links of the planting and breeding cycle. Finally, we need to play a leading role in demonstration by establishing green agriculture demonstration parks and circular agriculture demonstration villages, combined with media publicity, on-site observation, and case sharing, to enhance public awareness and stimulate the participation and enthusiasm of breeding farms (households).
Establish a sound service system and build a long-term mechanism.
Strengthening service support is the key to ensuring the stable and sustainable operation of the planting and breeding cycle. Firstly, it is necessary to cultivate socialized service organizations, accelerate the development of specialized organizations that provide services such as "seed substitution, cultivation, management, and collection" for the planting and breeding cycle, and accelerate the establishment of a paid utilization mechanism for manure returning to the field. Secondly, we should actively leverage the role of grassroots organizations, focus on relying on farmers' professional cooperatives, village collective economic organizations, and other entities to coordinate and solve the difficulties and bottlenecks in the planting and breeding cycle. Finally, it is necessary to smooth the transformation channel, through mechanism innovation and service guarantee, to open up the transformation path of "resources becoming assets, ecology becoming benefits", and ultimately achieve the synergistic effect of high-quality development of animal husbandry and ecological civilization construction.