How to further promote the coordinated development of straw and livestock manure?

To promote the coordinated development of straw fertilization and livestock manure resource utilization, the core lies in establishing a full-chain integration of "resource complementarity, technological fusion, industrial chain linkage, and policy coordination". This will shift the two types of agricultural Organic Waste from "separate treatment" to "synergistic enhancement", thereby reducing treatment costs, enhancing product value, and strengthening the agricultural circular system. Specifically, the following five aspects can be promoted:

1. Strengthen technological innovation and promotion
Straw is rich in cellulose and carbon, while livestock manure is abundant in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and microorganisms. These two types of waste are complementary in terms of their components, and technological synergy can achieve an effect where "1+1>2": 1. Expansion of high-value products into composite carbon-based fertilizers: By mixing biochar, which is produced through the pyrolysis and carbonization of straw, with Organic Fertilizer derived from manure fermentation, and supplementing with medium and trace elements, a composite carbon-based fertilizer can be produced that combines water retention and nutrient retention (biochar function) with nutrient balance (manure nutrients). This fertilizer is suitable for economic crops and facility agriculture.
Collaborative Aerobic Fermentation of Organic Fertilizer: Focusing on Large-Scale Application and Quality Upgrade, Optimizing the Aerobic Fermentation Process of "Straw + Manure" - Utilizing Intelligent Turning and Dispersing Equipment to Precisely Control the Temperature, Aeration Rate, Turning and Dispersing Frequency, and Fermentation Period of the Pile. Combined with Straw Crushing Pre-treatment, this addresses the issues of easy sticking, poor permeability, and insufficient decomposition in the separate aerobic fermentation of manure. At the same time, it leverages the high carbon characteristics of straw to enhance the humification degree of organic fertilizer.
Product segmentation scenarios: 1. Basic type: used for soil improvement and base fertilizer application in field crops (wheat, corn), highlighting fertility retention and cost advantages; 2. Special type: targeted at economic crops such as fruits, vegetables, and nursery stock, with the addition of medium and trace elements (calcium, magnesium, boron, etc.), customized nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios to meet precise fertilization needs; 3. Functional type: focusing on the fermentation process and product quality. 2. Collaborative fermentation fertilizer production technology upgrades and optimization of mixing ratio process: considering the compositional differences of straw from different regions, such as corn, rice, wheat, and animal manure from different sources, such as cattle, pigs, and chickens, standardized mixing formulas are developed. The high carbon characteristics of straw are utilized to balance the high nitrogen content of manure, addressing issues such as odor generation and nitrogen loss during composting of manure alone, while enhancing the carbon-nitrogen ratio and humus content of organic fertilizer.
Promote efficient collaborative microbial inoculants: Develop composite microbial inoculants suitable for mixed raw materials of "straw + manure", integrating straw degradation bacteria (cellulose-degrading bacteria, lignin-degrading bacteria) and manure fermentation bacteria (bacillus, lactic acid bacteria). This can shorten the composting cycle by more than 20% and reduce energy consumption.

II. Promote the large-scale development of the integration of planting and breeding
With industrial chain linkage as the core, integrate the collection, treatment, and utilization links of two types of waste to form a closed-loop collaborative model: 1. "Combination of planting and breeding + centralized treatment" collaborative model: In major grain-producing areas and major pig-breeding counties, implement integrated services of "straw collection, storage, and transportation + centralized fecal treatment + organic fertilizer returning to the field". The organic fertilizer produced after treatment is preferentially supplied to local planting bases, with the surplus sold in the market, and the proceeds are divided according to the proportion of resource contribution. 2. "On-site collaboration in the field + customized service" model operation path: For small-scale growers and scattered breeding groups, promote small mobile collaborative treatment equipment. Social service organizations provide on-site services of "straw crushing + fecal removal and transportation + on-site fermentation + fertilization as needed", achieving "zero transportation, low cost, and precise fertilization".
Adaptation Scenario: Orchards, tea gardens, and facility vegetable bases, among others, can utilize idle plots in the fields to establish temporary collaborative fermentation sites. After treatment, the products can be directly returned to the fields, reducing losses in intermediate links. 3. The integrated model of "Circular Agriculture Park" plans a closed loop of "breeding area - straw collection area - collaborative treatment area - planting area - energy utilization area" within the agricultural park. Resources within the park circulate autonomously, exporting organic agricultural products and Green Energy to the outside world.

III. Improve policy support and incentive mechanisms
Existing policies are mostly targeted at single types of waste. It is necessary to optimize the policy system and guide market entities to actively participate in collaborative development: 1. Special subsidies should be tilted towards collaborative projects. Establish a special subsidy for the collaborative treatment of "straw + manure": provide higher subsidy rates for the construction of collaborative treatment centers and the procurement of mobile collaborative equipment; for organic fertilizer products produced through mixed fermentation of the two types of waste, on the basis of the existing VAT exemption, provide subsidies at the sales stage or reduce or waive transportation costs.
Optimize subsidy calculation methods: Calculate subsidies based on multiple dimensions such as "collaborative processing volume", "organic fertilizer production", and "carbon emission reduction", rather than solely based on the volume of straw or manure processed, to encourage entities to expand the scale of collaboration. 2. Improve standards and regulatory systems to establish collaborative product standards: Introduce quality standards for collaborative fermentation organic fertilizer from straw and livestock manure, clarify indicators such as mixing ratios, fermentation parameters, and nutrient content, unify testing methods and market access thresholds, and prevent inferior products from disrupting the market.
Establish a collaborative resource ledger: Leverage blockchain technology to trace the entire process of straw collection, storage, transportation, fecal removal, and collaborative processing. On the one hand, this provides a basis for subsidy distribution, and on the other hand, ensures the traceability of organic fertilizer product quality. 3. Strengthen financial and land support. Financial empowerment: Provide low-interest loans and loan discounts for collaborative processing projects, support the issuance of green bonds, and encourage insurance companies to develop "collaborative processing project operation insurance" to reduce technical and market risks.
Land security: The land for collaborative processing centers and regional collection, storage, and transportation sites will be included in the scope of agricultural facility land security. The approval process will be simplified, and priority will be given to meeting the land use needs of projects in intensive breeding areas and major straw production areas.

IV. Building a collaborative supply and demand docking platform
The core challenge of current straw and manure collaboration lies in the issue of "straw not finding manure and manure not finding straw". It is necessary to achieve precise resource matching through platform-based operations: 1. Establish regional collaborative information platform functional modules: Integrate information such as straw production/distribution/supply entities, manure production/distribution/supply entities, collaborative processing enterprises/equipment, and organic fertilizer demand entities, and provide services such as supply and demand matching, price inquiry, technical consultation, and policy interpretation.
Digitalization empowerment: Utilize big data analysis to predict the supply and demand gap of straw and manure within the region, schedule resources in advance, and avoid "seasonal surplus" or "regional shortage". 2. Improve the collaborative collection, storage, and transportation system to build a three-level collection, storage, and transportation network from "county to township to village": the county level is responsible for overall coordination, the township level constructs centralized collection and storage stations, which simultaneously collect straw and manure, and the village level sets up collection points, which are uniformly transported to the collaborative processing center.
Promote the integrated transportation approach of "straw baling + manure tanker": During peak harvesting, storage, and transportation periods, coordinate and arrange transportation vehicles to achieve "straw transportation on the way out + manure transportation on the way back", thereby reducing the empty-run rate and transportation costs.

V. Subject cultivation and technology promotion
1. Cultivate specialized collaborative processing entities and support third-party service enterprises: Encourage existing straw processing enterprises and manure treatment enterprises to transform into collaborative processing service providers, offering integrated services from "resource collection to technical processing and product sales". Provide one-time incentives to transformed enterprises.
Support for participation by new types of business entities: For those who construct small-scale collaborative processing facilities in family farms and farmers' cooperatives, equipment purchase subsidies and technical training support will be provided, guiding them to become the "capillaries" of collaborative processing within the region. 2. Strengthen technical training and demonstration leadership to build collaborative demonstration bases: Select different regions across the country to construct a number of "straw + manure" collaborative processing demonstration bases, showcasing technological processes, operational models, and economic benefits, and organizing surrounding entities to visit and learn.
Carry out tiered training: For large-scale enterprises, focus on training in large-scale collaborative processing technology and industrial chain operation models; for small-scale farmers and individual farmers, focus on training in simple collaborative fermentation technology and policy application processes. 3. Guide the market demand side to drive the expansion of collaborative organic fertilizer application scenarios: In projects such as high-standard farmland construction, green, high-quality, and high-efficiency grain production initiatives, and organic agriculture certification, it is explicitly required to prioritize the use of "straw and manure collaborative fermentation organic fertilizer" and set a minimum usage ratio.
Strengthening brand building: Encourage collaborative efforts among enterprises to establish organic fertilizer brands, expand the market through "online + offline" channels, and connect with large supermarkets, organic agricultural product bases, etc., to establish long-term supply relationships and stabilize market demand.

summary
The core of the collaborative development of straw and livestock manure lies in "complementarity, integration, and win-win cooperation" - straw compensates for the shortage of carbon sources in manure, while manure addresses the nitrogen deficiency in straw. Technology collaborates to enhance conversion efficiency, models collaborate to reduce operational costs, and policies collaborate to break down development barriers. Through these measures, we can shift the two agricultural wastes from "passive treatment" to "active utilization", from "individual value" to "collaborative value", ultimately establishing a new pattern of green agricultural development characterized by "resource recycling, environmental friendliness, industrial efficiency enhancement, and farmer benefits".