Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Fertilizer Knowledge

Organic Fertilizer refers to fertilizers that contain a large amount of organic matter and have the main functions of providing plant nutrients and improving soil. It comes from animal and plant residues or metabolites, and is fermented and matured. This article will sort out four aspects for you: types, functions, production methods, and usage precautions.
The main types of organic fertilizers
farmyard manure
Human feces and urine: quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, but it needs to be decomposed before use to prevent root burning and bacterial transmission.
Livestock and poultry manure: pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, etc. Chicken manure is high in nutrients, while cow manure has more fiber and slower fertilizer efficiency.
Stable manure: made by mixing and fermenting animal manure and gasket materials.
Composting and composting: using straw, weeds, garbage, etc. to pile up or water to ferment.
Green manure: Planting plants such as purple clover, alfalfa, and fava beans, and directly plowing them into the soil.
Commodity organic fertilizer
Factory production, using animal manure, peat, humic acid and other raw materials, through microbial fermentation, deodorization, and drying to produce.
Common forms: powder, granular. Granular fertilizer is convenient for mechanized application.
Bio-organic fertilizer
Inoculate specific functional microorganisms (such as nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, and potassium solubilizing bacteria) into organic fertilizers, which have the functions of supplying fertilizers and regulating soil microbial activity.
new organic fertilizer
Such as earthworm castings (obtained from earthworm waste treatment, rich in enzymes and microorganisms), seaweed fertilizers, chitin fertilizers, etc.

The main function of organic fertilizer
Provide comprehensive nutrients: containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, but with relatively low content compared to fertilizers, belonging to the slow acting type.
Improving soil structure: Organic matter promotes the formation of aggregate structure, enhances water retention, fertilizer retention, and air permeability.
Improve fertilizer utilization efficiency: Organic acids can activate fixed phosphorus and potassium in the soil, reducing nutrient loss.
Regulating soil biological activity: providing carbon sources for beneficial microorganisms and inhibiting soil borne diseases.
Enhance crop stress resistance: reduce obstacles to crop rotation, improve drought and cold resistance.
Environmentally friendly: Absorb Agricultural Waste and reduce pollution.
The key points of composting and production of organic fertilizers
Direct application of organic fertilizer (raw manure) that has not been decomposed poses significant risks:
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Burning roots and seedlings (fermentation to produce heat)
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Carrying pathogens, insect eggs, and grass seeds
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Continue to ferment in the soil and compete with crops for nitrogen
Key to simple composting:
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Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N)
It is advisable to control it within 25-30:1. Straw and other carbon sources are high, and need to be combined with nitrogen sources such as feces and urine
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moisture
Maintain 50%~60% (hold in a ball, scatter upon landing)
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ventilation
Regularly flip the pile to ensure aerobic fermentation and reduce odor
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temperature
Raising the heap temperature to 55-70 ℃ and maintaining it for 5-7 days or more can kill most pathogens
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Maturity symbol
No odor, black brown in color, loose, pH close to neutral

Precautions for use
Fully decomposed organic fertilizer is a prerequisite, especially in urban greening, home gardening, and facility cultivation.
Used in conjunction with chemical fertilizers: Organic fertilizers have a slow effect and are suitable as base fertilizers; During the seedling stage or peak fertilizer demand period, it is necessary to apply chemical fertilizers.
Control dosage: Although organic fertilizer is not easy to burn seedlings, excessive use (especially chicken manure and commercial organic fertilizer) can lead to soil salt accumulation, heavy metal risks (some raw materials), and nitrate nitrogen leaching.
Pay attention to the source of raw materials: avoid using industrial or aquaculture waste containing heavy metals or excessive antibiotic residues.
Differences among different crops:
Leafy vegetables require a lot of nitrogen and can be used to decompose human manure, urine, and chicken manure;
Fruits, vegetables, and fruit trees need to be combined with organic fertilizers with high phosphorus and potassium content;
Applying organic fertilizer to root and tuber crops is beneficial for swelling.
The sequence of soil disinfection and organic fertilizer: If soil fumigation disinfection is required, organic fertilizer should be applied after disinfection to avoid killing beneficial bacteria.