Accelerate the circular development of agricultural planting and breeding

The separation of agricultural planting and breeding has led to the production of livestock and poultry manure, which has become a huge source of pollution in rural areas. Direct discharge can seriously pollute water bodies and soil. Accelerating the development of agricultural planting and breeding cycles, turning livestock and poultry manure into fertilizer, is of great significance for solving the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution, promoting the improvement of farmland quality, and promoting green agricultural development.
Since 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has launched a pilot program for green planting, breeding, and circular agriculture nationwide. In recent years, a series of measures have been taken throughout the county to promote the return of manure to the field, integrate technology models, actively cultivate social service organizations, and explore long-term operating mechanisms, significantly improving the utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure resources and bridging the "last mile" of manure return to the field. However, in the process of pilot practice, there are still bottlenecks such as imbalanced planting and breeding, poor financing channels, weak technical support, and low levels of socialized services. During the 15th Five Year Plan period, the goal should be to achieve a balance between planting and breeding, take the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas as an opportunity, use technological empowerment as a carrier, and focus on cultivating specialized service organizations and extending the value chain of green economy to accelerate the development of the planting and breeding cycle.
The circular development of agriculture planting and breeding must be planned first, and the formulation of a comprehensive planting and breeding circular development plan with counties (cities, districts) as the overall planning unit and townships as the implementation unit must be accelerated. One is to optimize the planting and breeding layout. Implement 'land based aquaculture', reasonably set the scale of aquaculture based on land carrying capacity, and construct a breeding cycle system that matches the carrying capacity of resources and environment. We should dynamically adjust the breeding density in areas with excessive livestock and poultry manure, support the development and growth of commodity Organic Fertilizer processing enterprises and cooperatives in areas with large and concentrated livestock and poultry manure, improve relevant subsidy policies, increase technical and financial support, promote the replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, create ecological low-carbon agricultural brands, and transform environmental pressures into opportunities for characteristic industries and economic development. The second is to coordinate rural planning. When scientifically formulating the "township land spatial planning" and "village practical planning", reserve breeding land, ensure reasonable isolation between breeding areas and residential areas, and achieve spatial separation of planting and breeding while coordinating production. The third is to build a smart management system. Establish and improve a county-level crop and livestock cycle monitoring system to monitor the supply and demand of manure, the collection, transportation, and treatment of manure, and the entire process of manure returning to the field in real time. Establish a traceability system for returning manure to the field, combined with integrated certification of planting and breeding, to promote the transformation of ecological value into market premium, promote the integrated development of circular agriculture and brand building, and achieve regional information interconnection and sharing.
Promoting the circular development of agricultural planting and breeding relies on the precise drip irrigation of financial "live water". We should take the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas as an opportunity to provide warm financial services for farmers. One is to strengthen the guarantee of essential factors. By comprehensively utilizing policy tools such as land, finance, and fiscal policies, we will focus on supporting large-scale farming entities with a cultivated land area of 5 hectares or more, a pig output of 50 heads or more, and a beef cattle inventory of 30 heads or more. We will construct standardized livestock houses or "shared livestock houses", ecological breeding concentration areas, and other facilities within the planned areas, and provide unified supporting facilities for livestock and poultry manure treatment, disease prevention and control, and other services. The second is to promote the implementation of policies. Fully implement various national policies for agricultural investment and financing. Support financial institutions to issue special financial bonds for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, promote mortgage financing loans for livestock, poultry, and agricultural facilities, flexibly use monetary policy tools such as refinancing, rediscounting, and differentiated reserve requirement ratios, and guide financial institutions to increase credit investment in the field of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. The third is to optimize financial services. Relevant functional departments and financial institutions should further transform various agricultural investment and financing policies into practical and easy to operate credit products and services, so that planting and breeding entities can enjoy the financial services they deserve.
Small scale farmers still dominate agricultural production in our country, making it difficult for them to shoulder the responsibility of promoting circular development in agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the level of socialized agricultural services. We should vigorously cultivate specialized service providers, guide leading enterprises, cooperatives, social service organizations and other entities to provide services such as manure collection, treatment, application and straw returning through financial subsidies, competitive project proposals, government procurement of services, etc., and form a multi-party win-win benefit sharing mechanism. Improve the subsidy policy for organic fertilizers in commodities, focus on the "last mile", and provide precise subsidies according to the principle of "whoever transports and supplements, whoever uses and supplements", fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties. At the same time, we will leverage the role of service organizations, accelerate the establishment of a plant production, animal transformation, and microbial reduction cycle system with extensive participation from socialized service organizations, and comprehensively improve the level of socialized agricultural services in counties.
Accelerating the development of crop breeding cycle, technology is the core support. By promoting labor skills training under the Generalized System of Preferences, we can further improve the scientific farming and management level of farmers. With the help of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other means, promote new planting and breeding technologies to make it easy for farmers to learn and understand. Strengthen the collaboration between industry, academia and research, explore the normalization mechanism of "unveiling the list and leading the way", accelerate the research and development of small machinery with strong applicability and high cost-effectiveness, and effectively solve practical problems on the production line.